Principle: Compaction grouting, one of the few US born ground improvement techniques, was developed by Ed Graf and Jim Warner in California in the 1950s. This technique densifies soils by the injection of a low mobility, low slump mortar grout. The grout bulb expands as additional grout is injected, compacting the surrounding soils through compression. …
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Principle: Vibro compaction (VC), also known as Vibroflotation was developed in the 1930s in Europe. The process involves the use of a down-hole vibrator (vibroflot), which is lowered into the ground to compact the soils at depth. The method is used to increase bearing capacity, reduce foundation settlements, reduce seismic subsidence and liquefaction potential, and …
INTRODUCTION Shallow foundations are those that transmit structural loads to the near surface soils. According to the Terzaghi, a foundation is shallow foundation if its depth is equal to or less than its width i.e d ≤ w. Commonly used types of shallow foundations include spread footings, strap footings, combined footings, and mat or raft …
Principle Dynamic compaction (DC), also known as dynamic deep compaction, was advanced in the mid-1960s by Luis Menard, although there are reports of the procedure being performed over 1000 years ago. The process involves dropping a heavy weight on the surface of the ground to compact soils to depths as great as 40 ft or …
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Introduction Ground improvement is defined as the enhancement of inplace properties of the ground by controlled application of technique suited to the subsoil conditions. Ground improvement techniques are used increasingly for new projects to allow utilization of sites with poor subsurface conditions. Ground Improvement techniques are often used to improve sub soil properties in terms …
Introduction to the Ground Improvement Techniques Read More »
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY & WATER ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE (IS: 2386-Part III-1963):- Introduction: Specific gravity is a measure of a material’s density (mass per unit volume) as compared to the density of water at 23°C. Therefore, by definition, water at a temperature of 23°C has aspecific gravity of 1. Otherwise , it may be …
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY & WATER ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE Read More »
Introduction (Schmidt Hammer): This is a simple, handy tool, which can be used to provide a convenient and rapid indication of the compressive strength of concrete. It consists of a spring controlled mass that slides on a plunger within a tubular housing. The schematic diagram showing various parts of a rebound hammer is given as …
Non Destructive testing by Schmidt Hammer as per provisions of IS: 13311 – 1992 Read More »
(a) Water absorption test (as per IS: 3495, Part-2, 1992): Water absorption value of bricks largely influences the bond between brick and mortar. If water absorption in bricks is more and bricks are not soaked before the masonry work, the water from freshly laid mortar is likely to be absorbed by bricks. This results into …
SOME SIMPLE LABORATORY TESTS OF BRICKS FOR QUALITY CHECK FOR CONSTRUCTION USES Read More »
Hammers Proving ring apparatus Surcharge Dial gauges Apparatus for CBR testing method Objective Determination of CBR value for soil samples under standard test procedure. Apparatus Compression machine i. Mould of 150mm dia and 175mm height with base plate, stay rod and wing nut ii. Collar of 50mm height, detachable perforated base iii. Spacer disc iv. …
LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF CBR VALUE OF SOIL (AS PER IS-2720-PART-16-1987) Read More »
DISCUSSION ON GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOIL The commonly used properties for the classification are the grain size distribution, liquid limit and plasticity index. Those properties have also been used in empirical design methods for flexible pavements and in deciding the suitability of sub grade soil. The results of the test are of great value …
